English writing : مجموعة من الإنشاءات
right of women
Nowadays we take it for granted **** womenhave the same rights as men before the first world war few people believedthis.
As far as work was concerned there were jobs wich were regarded
aswomen`s jobs and other wiche were regarded as men`s jobs. Women`s jobs
weregenerally lower paid as men`s. Men did almost all the heavy jobs in
industry orin transport.
Women had jobs like dress-making,cleanning or worked asservants.
Women`s main role was as being to raise childeren and look fortheir
home. Women were not expected to take position of leaderschip. Women
werenot even allowed to vote in elections.
Before the war some women had beenstruggling to achieve greater equality
with men. The most famous of these hadbeen the suffragettes who stagged
a violent campaign against the govervment from 1905 to 1914 trying to
achieve the right to vote.however, at the outbreak ofwar, the were still
no near to success. Many men argued **** women were unsuitedto such
responsibility **** women could not be trusted to vote sensibly
****women should not concern themselves with such male activities
andvoting.
During the war many things changed
Humanrights
The concept of human rights has existed under several names inEuropean
thought for many centuries at least since the time of king john of
England.
The political and religious tradition in order parts of the wordalso
proclaimed what have come to be called human rights calling on rules
torule justly and compassionately and delineating limits on
theircitizens.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe severalphilosophers
proposed the concept of rights belonging to person by natural
andbecause ha was a human being not by virtue of his citizenship in a
particularreligion or race or ethnic group.
In the late 1700, two revolutions occurred which drew heavily onthis
concept in 1776, most of the British colonies in North America
proclaimedtheir independence from the British Empire in document, which
still stirsfeeling and debate.
Language
Language is obviously a vital tool not only is it a means
ofcommunicating thoughts and ideas, but it forges friendship cultural
ties andeconomic relationship.
Throughout history many have reflected on importance of languagefor
instance language shapes thoughts and emotions , determining
one’sperception of reality .language is not only a vehicle for the
expression ofthoughts , perceptions , sentiments and values , It also
represent - afundamental expression of social identity .
Language of course is knowledge and in our world today, knowledgeis on the key factor in competitiveness.
Brains and knowledge are what create the prosperity and growth wetend to
take for granted .In an advanced industrial society in an
increasinglyinterdependent world the knowledge of other languages
becomesindispensable.
In short, it’s very important to learn foreign languages butwithout forget your identity
.
You inscribe to University
Dear madam- Date:
I am writing
to ask about opportunities to study interpreting inyour university, I
am Moroccan, aged 19, and I hop to pass my baccalaureate well .I want to
become a Translator or interpreter in Arabic French and English , ifI obtain a place at this university , my uncle who lives in Las Vegas ,will paymy expenses.
My first language is Arabic, I have also French since the age of 9 , I speak it fluently , and I have a good reading and writing knowledge ofit.
My second foreign language is English, which I do not yet speakfluently,
however. I can read it quite well and can write a certain amount .
Ialso have a limited knowledge of Spanish.
I should be grateful if you would send me details of yourentrance equipments a copy of your prospectus and an application form.
Dropping from school
The fact **** student drop off from school is a serious problems****
hinders the progress of student first and then the level of
nationaleducation .
Most of students who drop off from school are poor, they speaktheir
incapability of supplying, their parents obliged them to drop off from
andlook for a job to help the family .
Other reason may be attributed to the students indifference .those
students who stop going to school are villagers because they don’t
attendclasses doing some agricultural work instead.
Other ex-students attest **** leaving school is not an idea ****comes at
random but as a reaction to the dissatisfaction resulted by those
whohave attained their degrees but gained no work after .
The government must do some serious attempts so **** students cankeep up
with their studies no matter what circumstances are .Also it should
setplan to improve the educational system to most attainable one ****
open mindsand doors
Immigration
Spanish officials estimate **** about 1.000 people have downedattempting
to enter Europe by crossing the 10-mile wide strait of Gibraltar inthe
past six years , Spanish officials say **** morocco is tolerating the
exitof small boats .
In 1996. several hundred illegal immigrants .most Moroccans werepicked
up by the police and coast guard on the southern shores of Spain ,
morocco’s newly appointed prime mister .Aberahmane youssoufi . blamed
illegalimmigration on poverty , and **** **** policeman and walls are
not solution tothe illegal migration ,which should be handed with
realism in order to findhuman solutions .
On February, the interior ministers of morocco and Italy signed
aconvention to cooperate in the fight against drug smuggling and
illegalimmigration the Italian interior minister **** **** a lot of
Moroccans livelegally in Italy .the largest foreign community in the
country.
Hand in hand between Morocco and Italy to fight drugs , illegalimmigration .
Urbanization
Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasingproportion of
entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities,
thisphenomenon has been closely connected with industrialization .
By the end of this decade, more than half of the world’spopulation will
live in cities making humanity a predominantly urban species forthe
first time in Its history .
When more and more inanimate sources of energy were used in toenhance human productivity .surpluses increased economical fields
Such as industry. Then the larger and larger proportions ofpopulation could live in cities.
Economic forces were such **** cities became the ideal places tolocate
factories and their workers , urbanization is a serious problem ****
willspoil the natural world in due course .there will be no
country-sides and nogreen places to feel the first endowed natural
beauty of this world .
Life in the countryside
Many people believe **** life in the countryside is mush betterthan in
the city ,well they are wrong , living in the countryside is
reallydifficult ,going out at night , for instance , is useless since
there is nowhereto go to enjoy oneself, another thing is **** when a
person falls sick it isdifficult to find an ambulance to take him to the
nearest hospital .anothermisconception is about pollution , the
countryside is not wholly clean , the airwe breathe is not as fresh as
people think ,many houses are not connected to themain sewage ,and do
you know **** many factories exist in many villages
Poverty
Poverty is becoming a serious problems for many countries , itaffects
the whole society and delays the development of the country .
Poor families very often have health problems , because they havelot of
children , parents are unable to provide medicine for them ,also
theycant send them to school since schooling is expensive , they send
them insteadto work and bring them money , so when members of society
are unhealthy orilliterate this affect the development of the country .
Poverty is a serious problem, an enemy **** government shouldfight by
trying to make all members of society benefit from the resources oftheir
country and work for its development.
Parents-children relationship
Parents-children relationship differ from one family to another. While
some parents complain **** their children don’t listen to them anymore,
children on the other hand complain **** their parents don’t understand
them anylonger .
My relationship with my parents is a good one , I respect themand
understand them, the allow me to choose my friends my cloths to travel
aloneand to invite friends home, however , they are very strict when it
comes to myhomework or staying late out late at night .
To have a good parents-relationship is very easy thing if bothparents
and children make efforts to create such a kind of relationship.
Traffic problems
There are many dangers when driving in a big city , traffic jams, road
rage, car jacking drive-by- shootings ,smash-and-grabs , accidents
orpurpose ambulance chasers , corrupt police , touring ,companies ****
can grabyour car in ten seconds .the list goes on.
Traffic jams are caused by drivers who tailgate and try to drivefaster
than the flow of traffic , when drivers merge at the last second ,
theyhave to step on their brakes , and **** causes the tailgaters behind
them tostep on their brakes , roads rage occurs when someone loses
self-control , somedriver is going too fast , this causes a clash ,
there are many reasons behindthe traffic jams problem.
The latter can also be attributed to the road code, violation , speed
and carelessness , other reasons such as natural factors are involved
,snow , obscurity, and rain are most of them , one other cause is the
poorinfra-structure .
Understanding these very real dangers will help you learn how toavoid or
prevent traffic problems .drivers should drive safely and learn
tomaintain self-control , the driver should be a street-wise so **** he
can takethe necessaryprecautions.
Television
?Television has became part of our every day life .what are its
advantagesand disadvantagesOn the one hand, TV has became the most
influential meansof the mass media because it has both sound and picture
.it's also the mostpopular source of information education and
international , in brief TV bringsthe whole word to us.
One the other hand TV develops passive and lazy viewers .it also
prevents communication between the members of the family besidesstudents
don't their homwork and may became aggressive when they watch films
ofviolence.
war
WAR is one of the wost crime **** pople have ever made to the humanity.
****'s why we should know why some ediot poeple can't stand leaving in
peacebecuasethe best thing **** can draw the smile on every one's face
is thepeace. but in reality we have a deferent image to the world, we
see **** no onewant to respect the right of other or want's to enslave
poeple or take thereweals, and they make some silly reasons to get what
they want exactly like whathappend toour brothers in iraq.
war also creat a very bad destarctionand ruin in everywhere.
and from the main point we can say **** poepl instean of burning world
they have to to learn how to leave in peace and creat thehappiness
instead of hate andkilling.
Working children
Child labour is one of the problems **** many
countries face, thereare various causes **** drive children to work some
of them drop out of schoolin order to help their poor or sick parents
others have to work because they areorphans. In addiction some parents
are ignorant they think education is a wasteof time.
Working children face a tough life- in factories and mines theywork in
bad conditions no fresh air, long hours they may be injured by
machinesthey are also deprived of education and childhood
air pollution
air pollution can effect our health in many ways with a bothshort-term
effects different groups of individuals are effected by air pollutionin
different ways .some individualsare much more sensitive to pollutants
thanare others. young children and elderly people after suffer môre from
effects ofair pollution.poeple with health problems such asthma .heart
and lung diseasemay olso suffer more when the air is poolluted the
extent to wich in individualis harmed by air pollution usualy depends on
the total to the damaging chimicalsi.e the duration of exposure and the
concentration of the chimicals must betaken into account..this s the
end of pragraph i wish to benefit it ok
Humain rights
The concept of human rights has existed under several names inEuropean
thought for many centuries, at least since the time of King John
ofEngland. After the king violated a number of ancient laws and customs
by whichEngland had been governed, his subjects forced him to sign the
Magna Carta, orGreat Charter, which enumerates a number of what later
came to be thought of ashuman rights. Among them were the right of the
church to be free from governmental interference, the rights of all free
citizens to own and inheritproperty and be free from excessive taxes.
It established the right of widowswho owned property to choose not to
remarry, and established principles of dueprocess and equality before
the law. It also contained provisions forbidding bribery and official
misconduct.
The political and religious traditions inother parts of the world also
proclaimed what have come to be called humanrights, calling on rulers to
rule justly and compassionately, and delineatinglimits on their power
over the lives, property, and activities of theircitizens.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe severalphilosophers
proposed the concept of "-natural rights,"- rights belonging to aperson
by nature and because he was a human being, not by virtue of
hiscitizenship in a particular country or membership in a particular
religious orethnic group. This concept was vigorously debated and
rejected by somephilosophers as baseless. Others saw it as a formulation
of the underlyingprinciple on which all ideas of citizens' rights and
political and religiousliberty were based.
In the late 1700s two revolutions occurred which drewheavily on this
concept. In 1776 most of the British colonies in North Americaproclaimed
their independence from the British Empire in a document which
stillstirs feelings, and debate, the U.S. Declaration ofIndependence
Business
In economics, business is the social science of managing people to
organizeand maintain collective productivity toward accomplishing
particular creativeand productive goals, usually to generate profit.
The etymology of "-business"- refers to the state of being busy, in the
context of the individual as well asthe community or society. In other
words, to be busy is to be doing commerciallyviable and profitable work.
The term "-business"- has at least three usages, depending on the scope —
the general usage (above), the singular usage to referto a particular
company or corporation, and the generalized usage to refer to
aparticular market sector, such as "-the record business,"- "-the
computerbusiness,"- or "-the business community"- -- the community of
suppliers of goodsand services.
The singular "-business"- can be a legally-recognized entitywithin an
economically free society, wherein individuals organize based
onexpertise and skills to bring about social and technological
advancement.
Inpredominantly capitalist economies, businesses are typically formed to
earnprofit and grow the personal wealth of their owners.
The owners and operatorsof a business have as one of their main
objectives the receipt or generation ofa financial return in exchange
for their work — **** is, the expense of time andenergy — and for their
acceptance of risk — investing work and money withoutcertainty of
success.
Notable exceptions to this rule include some businesseswhich are cooperatives, or government institutions.
However, the exactdefinition of business is disputable as is business
philosophy- for example, some Marxists use "-means of production"- as a
rough synonym for "-business"-- however a more accurate definition of
"-means of production"- would be theresources and apparatus by which
products and services are created.
Controlof these resources and apparatus results in control of business
activity, andso, while they are very closely related, they are not the
samething.
Socialists advocate either government, public, or worker ownership
ofmost sizable businesses. Some advocate a mixed economy of private
andstate-owned enterprises. Others advocate a capitalist economy where
all, ornearly all, enterprises are privately owned.
Business Studies is taught as asubject in manyschools
smoking
When your parents were young, people could buy cigarettes and
smokepretty much anywhere - even in hospitals! Ads for cigarettes were
all over theplace. Today we're more aware about how bad smoking is for
our health. Smokingis restricted or banned in almost all public places
and cigarette companies areno longer allowed to advertise on buses or
trains, billboards, TV, and in manymagazines.
Almost everyone knows **** smoking causes cancer, emphysema, andheart
disease- **** it can shorten your life by 14 years or more- and ****
thehabit can cost a smoker thousands of dollars a year. So how come
people arestill lightingup!
naturaldisaster
A is the consequence of when a potential natural hazard becomesa
physical event (e.g. volcanic eruption, earthquake, landslide) and
thisinteracts with human activities. Human vulnerability, caused by the
lack ofplanning, lack of appropriate emergency management or the event
beingunexpected, leads to financial, structural, and human losses. The
resulting lossdepends on the capacity of the population to support or
resist the disaster, their resilience.[1] This understanding is
concentrated in the formulation: "-disasters occur when hazards meet
vulnerability"-.[2] A natural hazard willhence never result in a natural
disaster in areas without vulnerability, e.g. strong earthquakes in
uninhabited areas. The term natural has consequently beendisputed
because the events simply are not hazards or disasters without
humaninvolvement
Globalization
Globalization refers to increasing global connectivity, integration
andinterdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural,
political, andecological spheres. Globalization is an umbrella term and
is perhaps bestunderstood as a unitary process inclusive of many
sub-processes (such asenhanced economic interdependence, increased
cultural influence, rapid advancesof information technology, and novel
governance and geopolitical challenges) **** are increasingly binding
people and the biosphere more tightly into oneglobal system.
There are several definitions and all usually mention theincreasing
connectivity of economies and ways of life across the world.
TheEncyclopedia Britannica says **** globalization is the "-process by
which the********** of everyday life ... is becoming standardized around
the world."- While some scholars and observers of globalization stress
convergence ofpatterns of production and consumption and a resulting
homogenization ofculture, others stress **** globalization has the
potential to take many diverseforms.
Advertinsing
One the hand advertising makes consumers aware, of the new products on
themarket and helps them spend their money wisely it also as creates
many jobs .
On the other hand advertising makes people feel frustrated, if they
can'tafford the products .it also increases the prise of goods what's
more it urgesconsumers to buy unnecessary commodities .
cinema
For the first twenty years of motion picture history most silent films
wereshort--only a few minutes in length. At first a novelty, and then
increasinglyan art form and literary form, silent films reached greater
complexity andlength in the early 1910's. The films on the list above
represent the greatestachievements of the silent era, which ended--after
years of experimentation--in 1929 when a means of recording sound ****
would be synchronous with the recordedimage was discovered. Few silent
films were made in the 1930s, with theexception of Charlie Chaplin,
whose character of the Tramp perfected expressivephysical moves in many
short films in the 1910's and 1920s. When the silent eraended, Chaplin
refused to go along with sound- instead, he maintained themelodramatic
Tramp as his mainstay in City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936). The
trademarks of Chaplin's Tramp were his ill-fitting suit,
floppyover-sized ----- and a bowler hat, and his ever-present cane. A
memorable imageis Chaplin's Tramp shuffling off, penguin-like, into the
sunset and spinning hiscane whimsically as he exits. He represented the
"-little guy,"- the underdog, someone who used wit and whimsy to defeat
his adversaries.
Eisenstein'scontribution to the development of cinema rested primarily
in his theory ofediting, or montage, which focused on the collision of
opposites in order tocreate a new entity. One of the greatest
achievements in editing is the OdessaSteps sequence, in his film
Potemkin (1925). Eisenstein intercut between shotsof townspeople trapped
on the steps by Czarist troops, and shots of the troopsfiring down upon
the crowd. Members of the crowd became individual characters toviewers
as the montage continued. Within the editing track the fate of
theseindividuals was played out. A mother picks up her dead child and
confronts thetroops. Then she is shot. A student looks on in terror and
then flees--his fateuncertain. An old woman prays to be spared, but she
is killed by a soldier whoslashes her face with his saber. When a woman
holding her baby carriage iskilled, she falls to the steps, and the
carriage begins a precipitousdecline--shots of the baby crying are
intercut with wide shots of the carriagerolling down the steps. To
Eisenstein, each individual shot contributed anenergy within the editing
track **** yielded far more than the sum total ofshots. In other words,
the "-combination"- of shots through editing created a newentity, based
on the expressive emotional energy unleashed through the
editingprocess.
Emmigration
Morocco recently saw a migration of the population of cities and
villages meespecially in the last 50 years **** happened Leone Morocco
for independence. What are the reasons **** drive housing villages to
migrate to cities? And whatare the causes of migrations out of the
negative impact?
-There is a rangeof reasons why the villagers to the cities Tahgerh me
among them lack even themost basic means necessary hospitals and
transportation means Finding workMestekareaulthossein circumstances of
living .................. ect . The resulteased the congestion entire
towns and neighborhoods Baladi shanties and Taherabegging and the use of
young children Resulting from the whole circumcisioneased some tragic
scenes
-Finally, I wish to state **** changed everythingin their power to stop
the advance of the pious and out of control the situation
Education
educationencompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and
alsosomething less tangible but more profound: the imparting of
knowledge, goodjudgement and wisdom. Education has as one of its
fundamental goals theimparting of culture from generation to generation
(see socialization). Education means 'to draw out', facilitating
realisation of self-potential andlatent talents of an individual. It is
an application of pedagogy, a body oftheoretical and applied research
relating to teaching and learning and draws onmany disciplines such as
psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience,
sociology and anthropology.
The education of an individualhuman begins at birth and continues
throughout life. (Some believe ****education begins even before birth,
as evidenced by some parents' playing musicor reading to the baby in the
womb in the hope it will influence the child'sdevelopment.) For some,
the struggles and triumphs of daily life provide farmore instruction
than does formal schooling (thus Albert Einstein's admonitionto "-never
let school interfere with your education"-). Family members may have
aprofound educational effect — often more profound than they realize —
thoughfamily teaching may function very informally
Terrorism
Terrorism is a term used to describe violence or other harmful acts.
Terrorism expert Walter Laqueur in 1999 has counted over 100 definitions
andconcludes **** the "-only general characteristic generally agreed
upon is **** terrorism involves violence and the threat of violence"-.
Most definitions ofterrorism include only those acts which are intended
to create fear or "-terror"-, are perpetrated for an ideological goal
(as opposed to a "-madman"- attack), anddeliberately target
"-non-combatants"-.
As a form of unconventional warfare, terrorism is sometimes used when
attempting to force political change by: convincing a government or
population to agree to demands to avoid future harmor fear of harm,
destabilization of an existing government, motivating adisgruntled
population to join an uprising, escalating a conflict in the hopesof
disrupting the status quo, expressing a grievance, or drawing attention
to acause.
The terms "-terrorism"- and "-terrorist"- (someone who engages
interrorism) carry a strong negative connotation. These terms are often
used aspolitical labels to condemn violence or threat of violence by
certain actors asimmoral, indiscriminate, or unjustified. Those labeled
"-terrorists"- rarelyidentify themselves as such, and typically use
other generic terms or termsspecific to their situation, such as:
separatist, freedom fighter, liberator, revolutionary, vigilante,
militant, paramilitary, guerrilla, rebel, jihadi ormujaheddin, or
fedayeen, or any similar-meaning word in otherlanguages.
Terrorism has been used by a broad array of politicalorganizations in
furthering their objectives- both right-wing and left-wingpolitical
parties, nationalistic, and religious groups, revolutionaries andruling
governments.[1] The presence of non-state actors in widespread
armedconflict has created controversy regarding the application of the
laws ofwar.
An International Roundtable on Constructing Peace, Deconstructing Terror
(2004) hosted by Strategic Foresight Group recommended **** a
distinction shouldbe made between terrorism and acts of terror. While
acts of terror are criminalacts as per the United Nations Security
Council Resolution 1373 and domesticjurisprudence of almost all
countries in the world, terrorism refers to aphenomenon including acts,
perpetrators of acts of terror and motives of theperpetrators. There is a
disagreement on definition of terrorism. However, thereis an
intellectual consensus globally **** acts of terror should not be
acceptedunder any circumstances. This is reflected in all important
conventionsincluding the United Nations counter terrorism strategy,
outcome of the MadridConference on terrorism and outcome of the
Strategic Foresight Group and ALDEroundtables at the European Parliament
Leisure time
Recreation is very important for one health whoever we are we
needleisure activities because they enable us our minds and bodiesIf we
go onworking without a break we'll get bord and exchastedTherfore we
should spendour free time on the things we like doing much as listing to
music and pratisingsport in this way we'll have energy to rasume our
studies and warkingOK sanyI PPRESENT TO YOU THIS OBJECT OF THE HOW CAN
AIR POLLUTION HURT MY HEALTHairpollution can effect our health in many
ways with a both short-term effectsdifferent groups of individuals are
effected by air pollution in different ways .some individualsare much
more sensitive to pollutants than are others. youngchildren and elderly
people after suffer môre from effects of airpollution.poeple with health
problems such asthma .heart and lung disease mayolso suffer more when
the air is poolluted the extent to wich in individual isharmed by air
pollution usualy depends on the total to the damaging chimicalsi.e the
duration of exposure and the concentration of the chimicals must betaken
into account..this s the end of pragraph i wish to benefit itok
Racism
Racism or racialism is a form of race, especially the belief **** one
raceis superior to another. Racism may be expressed individually and
consciously, through explicit thoughts, feelings, or acts, or socially
and unconsciously, through institutions **** promote inequality between
races.
In the 19thcentury many legitimized racist beliefs and practices through
scientifictheories about biological differences among races. Today,
most scientists haverejected the biological basis of race or the
validity of "-race"- as a scientificconcept. Racism, then, becomes
discrimination based on alleged race. Raciststhemselves usually do
believe **** humans are divided into different races.
There are two main definitions of racism today. One of them states
****racism is dicrimination based on alleged race, the other - newer -
one states**** racism has started to include also discrimination based
on religion orculture
women working
There have been a lot of chages in our social life in the lastdecades
.many more women working ,of course ,has the lifestyle of
manyfamiliesMany people are worried whether a carrer women can properly
care forthe children the advantage of women workingwomen and men are
equal andshould also have the right have a jobwomen should hlep in the
devlopment oftheircountrycarrer mot her are usually educated and so can
help theirfamilythe disadvantage of carrer women : women find ut
difficult to takevery good care of children while working out side they
usually nturn home tiredoften a day 's work outside the also have to
deal with the house work the areleft with litter time to care for their
childern .
thes affect a lot thewhole family ,and may cause problems for children at schol ....e bc.
.finallyi say **** at taking good care children of women /mothers
alonneman/fathershould also share this responsibility with their
wiveslife is getting veryexpensive and women to help theirfamily
A drought
A drought is a prolonged, abnormally dry period whenthere is notenough
water for users' normal needs. Drought is not simply low rainfall- if
itwas, much of inland Australia would be in almost perpetual drought.
Becausepeople use water in so many different ways, there is no universal
definition ofdrought.
Meteorologists monitor the extent and severity of drought in termsof
rainfall deficiencies. Agriculturalists rate the impact on
primaryindustries, hydrologists compare ground water levels, and
sociologists define iton social expectations and perceptions
tv
nowdays TV viewers have a wide choice of channels .more and more
peoplehave got satellite TV not all of them are satisfied with it .
satellite TVhas both advantages and drawbaks . whats is de advantages and drawbaks ofTV,?
-satellite TV brings the whole world into your home there a variety
ofprogrammes to choose fromit helps people improve foreigs languages and
there arelots of entertaining ...educating programmes. You may not feel
bored.
-andthe drawbaks of satellite TV :
People spend too mush time watching TV andthey become passive and lazy
there are too many channels and it is oftendificulet to choose the right
programme and the people watch foreign TV channelsand not their
national TV .
Thy don't know what is happening in their country ,they might forget
about their own culture and problemChildren don't dotheir homework
,don't read enough .
-satellite TV like any other technologyis means to an end people should be selective and watch *********** programmesonly.
Families
It's not necessarily a fact **** small families are the best, but the
fact**** raising just one child is extremely expensive. There is the
hospital bill, one must have good medical/dental (very expensive) for
those toothaches, possible braces, fevers, scrapes, childhood diseases,
not to mention the manyshots children get during their younger years.
There is clothing, food, a goodhome to live in, education and other
hidden costs. Your child is better adjustedif they (a boy) are put into a
sport at the age of 5 or 6, or if it's a girl, into dancing, etc., to
keeping them off the streets and also give them insightas to what the
future can hold for them. It costs many thousands of dollars toraise one
child, and I use to know the stats on it, but it has since changed.
If a family can afford more than 2 children (good to have sibling) then
theyshould go for it. I have known families during the 50s to 70s where
there were 5 - 8 kids in a family and they were all well adjusted kids,
not to mention theoldest child always ends up helping mom and pop out.
Large families can be fun, but if you can't afford it this can cause a
great deal of pressure on theparents and either shorten their life span
or end in divorce. To have a largefamily you have to be wellorganized
Languages
A language is a system used to facilitate communication among higher
animalsand/or computers. This article is about the fundamental features
typically foundin nearly all natural human languages. For information
about artificiallanguages specifically for computers, please see instead
machine code. Higheranimals believed to employ audible language only,
without symbols, include, butare not limited to, dolphins and whales.
For information about this subject, please see "-Animal communication"-
instead
Minorities
A minority or subordinate group is a sociological group **** does
notconstitute a politically dominant plurality of the total population
of a givensociety. A sociological minority is not necessarily a
numerical minority — itmay include any group **** is disadvantaged with
respect to a dominant group interms of social status, education,
employment, wealth and political power. Toavoid confusion, some writers
prefer the terms "-subordinate group"- and "-dominantgroup"- rather than
"-minority"- and "-majority"-.
In socioeconomics, the term "-minority"- typically refers to a socially
subordinate ethnic group (understoodin terms of language, nationality,
religion and/or culture). Other minoritygroups include people with
disabilities, "-economic minorities"- (working poor orunemployed), "-age
minorities"- (who are younger or older than a typical workingage) and
---ual minorities (whose ---ual orientation or gender identity
differsfrom the sociological norm).
The term "-minority group"- often occurs alongsidea discourse of civil
rights and collective rights which gained prominence in the 20th
century. Members of minority groups are subject to differential
*********in the society in which they live. This discrimination may be
directly based onan individual's perceived membership of a minority
group, without considerationof **** individual's personal achievement.
It may also occur indirectly, due tosocial structures **** are not
equally accessible to all. Activists campaigningon a range of issues may
use the language of minority rights, including studentrights, consumer
rights and animal rights. In recent years, some members ofsocial groups
traditionally perceived as dominant have attempted to presentthemselves
as an oppressed minority, such as white, middle-class hetero---ualmales.
Studies have consistently shown a correlation between negativeattitudes
or prejudice toward minorities and social conservatism (as well as
theconverse, positive attitutes and social progressivism).[2] Minority
groups inhistory, include Jews under Nazi Germany and African Americans
in the Jim Crowperiod
English
World science is dominated today by a small number of languages, but
Englishwhich is probably is the most popular global language of science
and of moderntechnology **** because many reason: first it is
international language and themajority of country used it as their home
language, In addition to **** you canunderstand what happen in the
world, in the other hand you can understand thenew technology, moreover
we see **** the people **** speak more than twolanguage have a chance to
get a better job than the other people who can speakjust one. And also
it is very important to student who want finish their Hightstudy in
university.
Finally English will become more important in the futureand more using in all things
Leisure.
What i do in my free time ? Well, i like to exercise and sports,
especially Karate. Just the same, i like to watch a football match or a
goodfilm sometimes.
Music- now ****`s somethingi like as much as sport. I veryoften listen
to music on the radio.but what i lke best is reading books
onbiology,chemistry and physics. These are my favourite subjects at
school.whatabout friends? Ilike to be with them on Saturday
racism
Racism or racialism is a form of race, especially the belief **** one
raceis superior to another. Racism may be expressed individually and
consciously, through explicit thoughts, feelings, or acts, or socially
and unconsciously, through institutions **** promote inequality between
races..
In the 19thcentury many legitimized racist beliefs and practices through
scientifictheories about biological differences among races. Today,
most scientists haverejected the biological basis of race or the
validity of "-race"- as a scientificconcept. Racism, then, becomes
discrimination basedon alleged race. Raciststhemselves usually do
believe **** humans are divided into different races.
There are two main definitions of racism today. One of them states
****racism is dicrimination based on alleged race, the other - newer -
one states**** racism has started to include also discrimination based
on religion orculture
women
Millions of women throughout the world live in conditions of
abjectdeprivation of, and attacks against, their fundamental human
rights for no otherreason than **** they are women.
Combatants and their sympathizers inconflicts, such as those in Sierra
Leone, Kosovo, the Democratic Republic ofCongo, Afghanistan, and Rwanda,
have raped women as a weapon of war with nearcomplete impunity. Men in
Pakistan, South Africa, Peru, Russia, and Uzbekistanbeat women in the
home at astounding rates, while these government salternatively refuse
to intervene to protect women and punish their batterers ordo so
haphazardly and in ways **** make women feel culpable for the violence.
Asa direct result of inequalities found in their countries of origin,
women fromUkraine, Moldova, Nigeria, the Dominican Republic, Burma, and
Thailand arebought and sold, trafficked to work in forced prostitution,
with insufficientgovernment attention to protect their rights and punish
the traffickers. In Guatemala, South Africa, and Mexico, women's
ability to enter and remain in thework force is obstructed by private
employers who use women's reproductivestatus to exclude them from work
and by discriminatory employment laws ordiscriminatory enforcement of
the law. In the U.S., students discriminateagainst and attack girls in
school who are lesbian, bi----ual, or transgendered, or do not conform
to male standards of female behavior. Women in Morocco, Jordan, Kuwait,
and Saudi Arabia face government-sponsored discrimination ****renders
them unequal before the law - including discriminatory family codes
****take away women's legal authority and place it in the hands of male
family members - and restricts women's participation in public life
internet
The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible network
ofinterconnected computer networks **** transmit data by packet
switching usingthe standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "-network of
networks"- **** consistsof millions of smaller domestic, academic,
business, and government networks, which together carry various
information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file
transfer, and the interlinked --- pages and other documents ofthe world
wide ---.
The USSR's launch of Sputnik spurred the United States tocreate the
Advanced Research Projects Agency, known as ARPA, in February 1958
toregain a technological lead.[1][2] ARPA created the Information
ProcessingTechnology Office (IPTO) to further the research of the Semi
Automatic GroundEnvironment (SAGE) program, which had networked
country-wide radar systemstogether for the first time. J. C. R.
Licklider was selected to head the IPTO, and saw universal networking as
a potential unifying humanrevolution.
Licklider had moved from the Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory atHarvard
University to MIT in 1950, after becoming interested in
informationtechnology. At MIT, he served on a committee **** established
Lincoln Laboratoryand worked on the SAGE project. In 1957 he became a
Vice President at BBN, wherehe bought the first production PDP-1
computer and conducted the first publicdemonstration of time-sharing.
At the IPTO, Licklider recruited LawrenceRoberts to head a project to
implement a network, and Roberts based thetechnology on the work of Paul
Baran who had written an exhaustive study for theU.S. Air Force ****
recommended packet switching (as opposed to circuitswitching) to make a
network highly robust and survivable. After much work, thefirst node
went live at UCLA on October 29, 1969 on what would be called
theARPANET, one of the "-eve"- networks of today's Internet. Following
on from this, the British Post Office, Western Union International and
Tymnet collaborated tocreate the first international packet switched
network, referred to as theInternational Packet Switched Service (IPSS),
in 1978. This network grew fromEurope and the US to cover Canada, Hong
Kong and Australia by 1981.
The firstTCP/IP-wide area network was operational by January 1, 1983,
when the UnitedStates' National Science Foundation (NSF) constructed a
university networkbackbone **** would later become the NSFNet.
It was then followed by theopening of the network to commercial
interests in 1985. Important, separatenetworks **** offered gateways
into, then later merged with, the NSFNet includeUsenet, BITNET and the
various commercial and educational networks, such asX.25, Compuserve and
JANET. Telenet (later called Sprintnet) was a largeprivately-funded
national computer network with free dial-up access in citiesthroughout
the U.S. **** had been in operation since the 1970s. This
networkeventually merged with the others in the 1990s as the TCP/IP
protocol becameincreasingly popular. The ability of TCP/IP to work over
these pre-existingcommunication networks, especially the international
X.25 IPSS network, allowedfor a great ease of growth. Use of the term
"-Internet"- to describe a singleglobal TCP/IP network originated around
thistime.
Terrorism
Terrorism is a term used to describe violence or other harmful acts.they
areclassified terrorism into six categories.Civil Disorders.Political
Terrorism .Non-Political Terrorism.Quasi-Terrorism.Limited Political
Terrorism .Officialor State TerrorismTerrorist attacks are often
targeted to maximize fear andpublicity. They usually use explosives or
poison, but there is also concernabout terrorist attacks using weapons
of mass destruction. Terroristorganizations usually methodically plan
attacks in advance, and may trainparticipants, plant "-undercover"-
agents, and raise money from supporters orthrough organized crime.
Communication may occur through moderntelecommunications, or through
old-fashioned methods such as couriers.Thecontext in which terrorist
tactics are used is often a large-scale, unresolvedpolitical conflict.
The type of conflict varies widely- historical examplesinclude:
Secession of a territory to form a new sovereign stateDominanceof
territory or resources by various ethnic groupsImposition of aparticular
form of government, such as democracy, theocracy, or anarchyEconomic
deprivation of a populationOpposition to a domestic governmentor
occupyingarmy
revolution
A revolution (from Late Latin revolutio which
means "-a turnaround"-) is a significant change **** usually occurs in a
relatively shortperiod of time. Variously defined revolutions have been
happening throughouthuman history. They vary in terms of numbers of
their participants (revolutionaries), means employed by them, duration,
motivating ideology andmany other aspects. They may result in a
socio-political change in thesocio-political institutions, or a major
change in a culture or economy. Scholarly debates about what is and what
is not a revolution center aroundseveral issues. Early study of
revolutions primarily analyzed events in Europeanhistory from
psychological perspective[citation needed], soon however newtheories
were offered using explanations for more global events and using
worksfrom other social sciences such as sociology and political
sciences. Severalgenerations of scholarly thought have generated many
competing theories onrevolutions, gradually increasing our understanding
of this complex phenomenon
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